Institute of Living

The hospital was built in 1823 and was opened to patients in 1824, under the direction of Eli Todd. At that time, the Institute of Living (IOL) was among only four facilities of its kind in the nation. It was capable of accommodating 40 to 60 patients who were segregated by "sex, nature of disease, habits of life and the wishes of their friends." The hospital's 35 acres (14 ha) campus was landscaped by Frederick Law Olmsted in the 1860s.

The hospital was initially called the Connecticut Retreat for the Insane, though later changed names to the Hartford Retreat before adopting its current name.

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