Sam and companions spend two hours in Pisa, July 25, 1867 then depart for Leghorn. Mark Twain Project: Quaker City Itinerary

Pisa, a quiet town, with 25,000 inhab., is considered a favourable winter-residence for invalids on account of the mildness and moisture of its atmosphere. The heat in summer is oppressive. The Pisae of the ancients was one of the oldest cities of Etruria. It lay at the confluence of the Arnus and Auser (Serchio), which latter now empties itself into the sea. The present town, through which the Arno flows, lies about 2 1/2 M. from the coast.