October  18 Saturday – Still in St. Louis, Sam wrote the first Thomas  Jefferson Snodgrass letter, burlesquing Shakespeare’s Julius  Caesar [Gribben 626]. Sam used  dialect, and grammatical and spelling errors to characterize a country bumpkin  getting the worst of it in the big city. It was a literary strategy that would  come to fruition in many of his future works. Snodgrass was also the last pen  name Sam used prior to Mark Twain, in Nevada, Feb. 1863.

October  19 Sunday – Sam arrived in Keokuk, Iowa (see Oct. 18 entry).

October  21 Tuesday – “The  Great Fair at St. Louis,” signed, “SAM,” appeared in the Keokuk Post [ET&S 1: 378].

October  22 Wednesday ca. – Sam traveled by river packet to Quincy, Illinois [MTL 1: 70].

October  23 to 24 Friday –Sam traveled by train to Chicago and Indianapolis to Cincinnati [MTL 1: 70].  Branch gives on or  about Oct. 24 as the date Sam arrived in Cincinnati [Branch, “Bixby” 2].

October,  late – In Cincinnati Sam found employment as a typesetter for T.  Wrightson and Co., one of the city’s  leading printers. He worked there into the next spring, some six months [MTL 1: 70]. Sam’s time in Cincinnati is  one of the “least documented of his life…” [MT Encyclopedia, Poole 145] but  he did write two more Snodgrass letters while there. Sam lived in a  boarding house. Long hours at work plus discussions with other boarders didn’t  allow Sam much time for writing.

November  1 Saturday – Sam’s first Snodgrass letter dated Oct. 18from  St. Louis titled, CORRESPONDENCE  ran in the Keokuk Saturday Post.

November 14 Friday – Sam dated his second Snodgrass   letter from Cincinnati [MT Encyclopedia, Abshire 694].

November  18 Tuesday – An  untitled sketch, dated Nov. 8 and signed “L,” about a Cincinnati boarding house ran in the Keokuk Post.  It is attributed to Clemens [ET&S 1: 382; MTL 1:  70]. Britton examines the piece and makes a case for it being Sam’s, and  Mcfarlane being autobiographical rather than fictitious [16- 17]. Note: Britton mistakenly  writes the sketch was published on Nov. 8, but it was dated Nov 8   and published Nov. 18.

November  29 Saturday – The second Snodgrass letter dated Nov. 14, SNODGRASS’ RIDE ON THE RAILROAD ran in the  Keokuk Post [MT Encyclopedia, Abshire 694; Camfield, bibliog.].

November 30 Sunday – Sam’s 21  birthday.

December  6 Saturday – Sam’ second Snodgrass letter ran again in the  Keokuk Saturday Post [Schmidt].

Left  For the Amazon – New Orleans & Change of Plans – Bixby’s Influence

Official  Cub Pilot – Learning the Big Muddy

1857 –  Sometime during his stay in Keokuk Clemens saw Henry Clay Dean (1822-1887), eccentric philosopher who inspired Twain’s 1905  “The War Prayer.” In Ch. 57 of LM, Twain described Dean:

January – On Dec. 29, 1905 Sam  answered a question from an unidentified person:

“Yes I did lay aside the ‘stick’ to resume  it no more forever; but January 1857 was the time it happened, & Keokuk,  Iowa the place” [MTP]. Note: the “stick” was the typesetter’s line of  type. Sam soon after began his steam boat career.
 

January 23 Friday – In Keokuk, Henry Clemens wrote to Sam.

Your letters seem to be very strongly afflicted  with a lying-in-the-pocket propensity; for no sooner had I read your last, but  one, than it was consigned to one of the pockets of my overcoat, from whose  “vasty depths” I have but this moment fished it up, to answer it.

February  16 Monday – Sam boarded the packet Paul Jones (353 tons), on its way from Pittsburgh, for passage to New  Orleans, commanded by  Hiram K. Hazlett and piloted by Horace E. Bixby (1826-1912), and Jerry Mason [Branch,  “Bixby” 2]. Branch presents evidence for this date over Apr. 15.

February 17 Tuesday – The Paul Jones was “heavily loaded with ordnance for the Baton Rouge arsenal” [Branch, “Bixby” 3]. As the boat neared Louisville it ran onto rocks near Dick Smith’s wharf and stuck for more than 24 hours.

February 19 Thursday – The Paul Jones left Louisville [Branch, “Bixby” 3].

February 23 Monday – The Paul Jones reached Memphis [Branch, “Bixby” 3].

February 28 Saturday – The Paul Jones reached New Orleans [Branch, “Bixby” 2]. In his Autobiography:

March 4 Wednesday – Commanded by Patrick Yore and piloted by Horace Bixby, the Colonel Crossman (415 tons) left New Orleans with Sam aboard bound for St. Louis [Branch, “Bixby” 2]. Sam was 21, Horace 31 and considered one of the great steamboat pilots of his time [Rasmussen 34]. Bixby had started as a lowly mud clerk (unpaid) at age eighteen. He had a temper but cooled off fast. “When I say I’ll learn a man the river, I mean it. And you can depend on it. I’ll learn him or kill him” [Rasmussen 35].

March 14 Saturday – Sam dated his third and last Snodgrass letter from Cincinnati: SNODGRASS, IN A ADVENTURE [MTL 1: 70; Camfield, bibliog.]. Branch points out that on this date Sam was on the Colonel Crossman and concludes Sam updated his manuscript on board [Branch, “Bixby” 2].

March 15 Sunday – The Colonel Crossman arrived in St. Louis [Branch, “Bixby” 2].

April 10 Friday – The third and last Snodgrass letter dated Mar. 14 from Cincinnati ran in the Keokuk Post. The title, SNODGRASS, IN A ADVENTURE [MT Encyclopedia, Abshire 694].

April 29 Wednesday – Sam left St. Louis on the Crescent City (688 tons), bound for New Orleans. Bixby and Sam would make this run on the Crescent three times [Branch, “Bixby” 2].